![]() CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC) Clicks Voiced implosives Ejectives > Bilabial ∫ Bilabial ' Examples: ñ Dental Î Dental/alveolar p' Bilabial < (Post) alveolar ˙ Palatal t' Dental/alveolar ¯ Palato alveolar ƒ Velar k' Velar Ñ Alveolar lateral Ï Uvular s' Alveolar fricative(Continued on inside back cover)Ī Course in Phonetics Sixth Edition PETER LADEFOGED Late, University of California, Los Angeles KEITH JOHNSON University of California, BerkeleyAustralia Ī Course in Phonetics, Sixth © 2011, 2006, 2001 Wadsworth, Cengage LearningEditionPeter Ladefoged and Keith ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ![]() Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible. THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET (revised to 2005)CONSONANTS (PULMONIC) © 2005 IPA Plosive Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Post alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal Nasal pb td SZ †∂ c Ô kg q G / mM n = ≠N – Trill ı r R hH | « Tap or Flap FB f v ßΩ C J xVX ‰ © ? TD s z Fricative √ ÒL ’ j Lateral ¥˚ fricative ®Approximant l LateralapproximantWhere symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. ![]()
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